Syria is known internationally as the Syrian Arab Republic, with Damascus as its capital. It is one of the countries of the Levant and the Middle East. It is distinguished by the foot of the civilizations that inhabited it throughout the ages. It is named after the participation of Iraq in the cradle of human civilization. To the presence of many of the effects of the Stone Age, called by the ancient inhabitants of the name of Assyria, and then the name character with different cultures and languages to become Syria.
Its location is an Islamic Arab country located in the south-west of Asia. It is bordered on the north by Turkey, on the south by Jordan and Palestine and on the east by Iraq. On the western side it shares its borders with Lebanon and its western shores are located on the Mediterranean coast. Syria is on latitudes 32-37 to the north and longitudes 35-42 to the east. This has given Syria a strategic and historic position, as it is the hub of the three ancient continents of Asia, Europe and Africa.
Population Divisions The population of Syria is 22.5 million. Damascus and Aleppo are among the most densely populated cities in Syria. About 44% of the population is Syrian. The city of Homs, Lattakia and Hama are also experiencing significant growth in their population. Of which 1 million have been achieved. This has been helped by the improvement of the health sector in the country and the low rate of neonatal mortality, but the high population has negatively affected the economic level of the population.
Syriac language prevailed in the Russian countryside until the eleventh century, after which the Arabic language spread widely in the Syrian regions, which helped to form the Syrian dialect. The Turkish and French language as a result of colonialism influenced the tone of the Syrian dialect and its distinctiveness. Despite the fact that Arabic is the mother tongue In Syria to the fact that many of its inhabitants use their native languages to communicate widely in addition to the Arabic language, such as Armenian, Turkish, Kurdish and other languages.
The climate is characterized by two different climates. The Mediterranean climate is moderate over the coastal parts of the country. While the summer is characterized by drought and high temperatures, the winter is rainy and cold. Dry climate prevails in the rest of Syria. It is very cold in winter with little rainfall , And very hot in the summer, which causes a significant disparity in the amount of rainfall between the coastal areas and the interior of Syria.